The Progression Of Advanced Technology Single Handedly...

The progression of advanced technology single-handedly alters humans at a biological level and shifts human intelligence into a new frontier. We now have instantaneous access to the internet through our smart-phones and tablets, and can approach any corner of the internet within seconds at virtually any geographical location thanks to the rapid advancement of technology. The internet is in essence giving us an almost infinite amount of knowledge at speeds faster than light, it has become one of the greatest tools for academic research and the helping the quest towards intellectualism. It has become invaluable in advancing the swift rate of human evolution. While the furthering of advanced artificial intelligence and its immense depth, is†¦show more content†¦This is the question many expert media theorists and journalists ask, and a clear answer is not manifest due to it being pure supposition and speculation, regardless of the expertise and experience of these experts. I th ink, along with many other distinguished technologists, that our future is optimistic, assuming we gain the power to overcome upcoming obstacles with technology in the present. We will have to learn to engineer technology based on human interaction and be able to regulate social behaviors around these particular hindrances. These issues at hand, are widely debated nowadays, and will most likely will be debated more and more as we draw nearer to the era of extraordinarily capable and powerful artificial intelligence. This subject matter brings up many inherently significant philosophical matters. This topic forces us to consider the foundation of human intelligence, and how that groundwork could be expanded upon and implemented within our future’s technology. If we surpasses innate human boundaries with technology, do our mortal understandings of ethics and morality still stand, when we are no longer the superior creatures? It is absolutely imperative that we learn to observe and define how intelligence ran within computer processors varies from the intellect that exists naturally within the human mind. To what degree will our biological

Chapter 3 Pathology Questions Free Essays

Chapter 3 Review Questions: 1. What is meant by the following terms: Homologous chromosomes- A matched pair of chromosomes, one derived from each parent. Both members of the pair are similar in size, shape, and appearance, except for sex chromosomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 3 Pathology Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Autosomes- The general term for chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. Sex chromosome- The X and Y chromosomes that determine genetic sex. Barr body- The inactivated X chromosome that appears as a small, dense mass of chromatin attached to the nuclear membrane of somatic cells. This structure can be identified in the cells of a normal female and is called a sex chromatin body or Barr body after the man who first described it. Gene- Are segments of DNA chains that determine some property of the cell and are the basic units of inheritance. Sometimes, they are described as being arranged along the chromosome like beads on a string. Gametogenesis- A specialized type of cell division that occurs during the development of the eggs (ova) and sperm. The development of mature eggs and sperm from precursor cells. Centrosome- A small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules. 2. How does the process of mitosis compare with meiosis? In mitosis, each of the two new cells (called the daughter cells) resulting from the cell division receives the same number of chromosomes that were present in the precursor cell (called the parent cell). In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced so that the daughter cells receive only half of the chromosomes possessed by the parent cell. This process is not completed until fertilized by the sperm. . What are the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? First, four spermatozoa are produced from each precursor cell in spermatogenesis, but only one ovum is formed from each precursor cell in oogenesis. The other three â€Å"daughter cells† derived from the meiotic divisions are discarded as polar bodies. Second, spermatogenesis occurs continually and is carried through to complat ion in about 2 months. Consequently, seminal fluid always contains relatively â€Å"fresh† sperm. In contrast, the oocytes are not produced continually. All of the oocytes present in the ovary were formed before birth and have remained in a prolonged prophase of the first meiotic division from fetal life until they are ovulated. 4. What is a chromosome karyotype? How is it obtained? How is it used? A chromosome karyotype is an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres. A chromosome karyotype is obtained by culturing cells in a suitable medium. Usually, human blood is used as a source of cells for these studies; the blood lymphocytes can be induced to undergo mitotic division. Certain chemicals are added to stop the mitotic division after the chromosomes have become separate and distinct, and consequently , many cells arrested in mitosis accumulate in the culture medium. Additional methods are employed to cause swelling of the cells, which are then prepared, and the chromosomes can be examined. The chromosomes are then arranged according to their size, the location of the centromere, the relative lengths of the chromatids that extend outward from the centromere, and the pattern of light and dark bands along the chromosomes. Then the separated chromosome from one cell are photographed and arranged into a karyotype. The presence of abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can be detected this way. 5. What is the MHC? What is its function? What is its relationship to disease susceptibility? The MHC is the major histocompatibility complex. The antigens present on cells are determined by a cluster of genes on chromosome 6. This group of genes, which was first determined in laboratory animals in connection with transplantation experiments, is called the MHC. Originally, MHC proteins were considered of interest only with respect to organ transplantation because transplantation of cells containing MHC proteins different from those of the transplant recipient was followed by rejection of the transplant unless the immune system was suppressed. They take part in generating immune responses to foreign antigens of all types. The interaction of the HLA antigens with the various cells of the immune system is considered in the discussion on immunity, hypersensitivity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. 6. What is a haplotype? How are haplotypes inherited by children from their parents? What are the chances that two children will have the same haplotype? A haplotype is a set of HLA genes on one chromosome and is transmitted as a unit. Each child receives one of two possible haplotypes from each parent. Because of the way in which chromosomes are transmitted from parent to child, the child has any of four different combinations of HLA haplotypes. There is one in four probability that two children will both possess the same pair of HLA haplotypes. How to cite Chapter 3 Pathology Questions, Essay examples

Body Fat and Eating Disorders Paper free essay sample

Fat and Eating Disorders Paper Childhood obesity has become a disturbing national epidemic and has grown considerably in the past two decades. The percentage of children and adolescents who are defined as overweight has more than doubled. About 15% of children and adolescents are now overweight. Obesity is among the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat. Overweight children are much more likely to become overweight adults unless they adopt and maintain healthier patterns of eating and exercising. In fact, 30% of adult obesity begins in childhood. Obesity accounts for more than 300,000 deaths a year and the annual cost to society for obesity is estimated at nearly $100 billion. Body composition is a term used to describe the different body compartments (lean mass, fat mass, body water and bone mass) that make up a person’s body weight. It is important when studying obesity to be able to measure body composition. Overall body fat is an important indicator of weight related disease such as diabetes and the location of this tissue, is equally, if not more significant. For example, the amount of fat around the abdominal organs, known as visceral fat, is associated with metabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance and high blood pressure and it may be a useful measure for predicting health. It is estimated that the average person gains at least on pound of fat and loses one-half pound of muscle each year beginning at age twenty unless he or she makes a lifestyle change. Excess body fat places you at high risk for heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respitory problems and certain cancers, especially of the breast and endometrium (uterus). Obesity is expensive too. The National Institutes of Health estimates that obesity related disease cost the nation approximately $100 billion each year. Certain developments in U. S. culture and society in recent decades that have influenced this obesigenic trend include: * Community designs centered on the automobile. This has discouraged walking and bicycling, made it more difficult for children to get together and play, and has increased the time adults spend driving. * Increased concerns about safety that limit the time and areas children are allowed to play outside. Additionally, more children spend long hours in front of the television or computer screen, instead of spending time actively playing (Crespo, et. al. 2001). * Reduced amount of time students spend in physical education classes. The actual time spent in activity may be too short to be of sufficient benefit and students may be required to take fewer gym classes overall. * High calorie foods and beverages which are easily available, cheap and tasty. In many low income communities there are no grocery stores, leaving people to rely on the higher calorie, less nutritious choices from convenience stores and fast food restaurants (Moorland, et. l. , 2002). These pervasive contributes to the obesigenic environment are projected to continue to negatively influence health in the absence of swift and decisive measures to counter them. Some health problems associated with anorexia nervosa are the obvious such as malnutrition, which is caused by under eating, can lead to deficiency in energy and nutrients. Malnutrition can also cause blindness, kidney failure, heart attack and death. Dehydration is also common in anorexia nervosa and often causes seizures in the sufferer. People who have anorexia may get soft thin hair covering their body, this is a defense to try and keep the body warm as it loses fat and body temperature drops. Lastly, anorexics are at severe risk of death from heart failure, heart attacks, stroke, organ failure and suicide. Some health problems associated with bulimia nervosa include lazy bowel from laxative abuse, dehydration from laxative abuse an d purging, deterioration of teeth enamel (from stomach acid while purging), and wearing down of the esophagus ( stomach acid while purging). People who have health problems associated with binge-eating include indigestion and/or bowel problems, weight gain, which might lead to higher cholesterol/diabetes and malnutrition, if you tend to binge solely on fatty or sugary foods. From a physiological standpoint, with either disease, the required nutrients for bodily processes are not getting to where they’re needed, so a lot of deficiency diseases will occur due to a lack of protein, potassium and vitamins. The teeth and bones may suffer through starvation, which is vital for all bodily chemical reactions. Regarding bulimia nervosa, the repeated vomiting brings concentrated acid into the mouth far too regularly-and it shows in the erosion of the teeth. Tiredness and dizziness are also caused by lack of energy, due to lack of food, and a lot of stress is put on the body, which shows in the paper like skin and lank hair. The head will also look enlarged in comparison with the body, as it can’t change size. A hormone, such as estrogen, also becomes unbalanced and female sufferers may cease to have periods. Lack of B vitamins will also cause mood imbalances which do not help the psychological aspect of the disease. It all stems down to the fact that the body is not receiving the nutrients it needs. References www. aboutourkids. com www. halfmedical. com www. mrc. epid. cam. com www. nmhealth. com www. sharecare. com www. yahoo. com